I previously discussed other analyses reported by the scientists, on tobacco-specific nitrosamine level [2] s and trace metals [3]. It is widely known that nicotine can be consumed by inhaling the smoke of burning tobacco, or by using smokeless tobacco, with differences [5] in the efficiency and rate of absorption.
When using smokeless tobacco, nicotine is absorbed across the lining of the mouth. Many factors affect this, including the physical characteristics of the product chewing tobacco, fine cut moist snuff, powdered snuff, pouch, etc. Of course, one of the roles of saliva is to buffer alkaline and acidic foods to a neutral pH, so even acidic smokeless products provide some nicotine as saliva works to neutralize their acidity.
The table reflects levels of nicotine and free nicotine in smokeless tobacco products in and Because nicotine levels were not calculated on dry weight, dry products are not entirely comparable to products with higher moisture content.
Differences can also be seen within categories. In general, chewing tobacco and dry snuff had low levels of free nicotine, while levels in moist snuff products were considerably higher. What does this mean for the smoker who switches to smoke-free products? Save this study. Warning You have reached the maximum number of saved studies Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.
Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. Last Update Posted : January 10, Study Description. Though spit tobacco is smokeless, it still affects the cardiovascular system and may be associated with heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. This study will assess the effectiveness of limiting smokeless tobacco ST nicotine intake in reducing levels of exposure to tobacco and associated toxicity, as well as enhancing motivation to either quit or sustain lower levels of nicotine intake.
Detailed Description:. Drug Information available for: Nicotine tartrate Nicotine polacrilex. FDA Resources. Arms and Interventions. Reduction in tobacco toxicants by switching to a lower nicotine tobacco product under an uncontrolled use condition. Reduction in smokeless tobacco use using behavioral techniques only. Behavioral counseling alone for reduction in tobacco use. Outcome Measures. Secondary Outcome Measures : Motivation and self-efficacy measured at Week 8, and 12 and 26 weeks following treatment completion [ Time Frame: 26 weeks ].
Eligibility Criteria. Information from the National Library of Medicine Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Inclusion Criteria: Not interested in quitting ST use within 90 days of study entry Has been using ST at least six times a day for 6 months prior to study entry Agrees to use an effective form of contraception throughout the study Exclusion Criteria: Current use of other tobacco or nicotine products Pregnant or breastfeeding Any unstable medical condition Use of any medication that may affect tobacco use or be affected by reduction of tobacco use DSM-IV diagnosis of any psychiatric disorders or substance abuse disorders within 6 months prior to study entry Use of any psychotropic medications within 6 months prior to study entry.
Contacts and Locations. Information from the National Library of Medicine To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials. More Information. Brand Switching, smokeless tobacco use. National Library of Medicine U. National Institutes of Health U.
Department of Health and Human Services. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators.
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