Bloomsbury Press, , Ascent of George Washington , Frank E. Grizzard, Jr. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, , pp. Podcast Mount Vernon Everywhere! Learn More. Lacey and Murray, Moment of Battle , Back to Main menu Center for Digital History. They also hoped to discourage potential American allies such as France from joining the fight. In the spring of , the British ordered three of their armies to merge in Albany, New York. Only one army, however, commanded by General John Burgoyne, made the final push to its destination.
Momentum changed sides several times, but neither side gained significant ground until Burgoyne ordered his column of German troops to support the faltering British line and forced the Americans to pull back. Burgoyne decided to stay put and wait for reinforcements from New York City. By October 7, with supplies dwindling fast, Burgoyne realized waiting for backup was in vain.
The Americans got wind of the movement, however, and forced the British to withdraw. Burgoyne decided to take his army north to safety, but heavy rain and frigid temperatures slowed their retreat.
Out of supplies and out of options, Burgoyne surrendered his army to Gates on October Despite being wounded in the leg in the Battle of Quebec and then helping delay a British invasion of New York in late , Arnold was passed up for promotions. Frustrated, he resigned his commission in July , but General George Washington , commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, refused his request and ordered him north to serve under General Gates. Colonist troops were felling trees and blocking Burgoyne's path, slowing the British considerably.
By the time Burgoyne reached Fort Edward, they were running low on supplies. A detachment was sent to procure cattle and supplies from nearby Vermont, and were subsequently overrun by Colonist forces, further dwindling Burgoyne's numbers.
Separately, the British that were traveling North from New York City under the command of General Howe, decided to veer from the plan and 'take' Philadelphia, which they did, however, Washington's Continental Army retreated to York and prevented Howe from leaving and joining forces with Burgoyne. In addition, Washington realized that a major battle was shaping up, and sent troops north.
He also put the word out that any Militia that could join the troops should. The end result was a large contingent of regular troops and militia gathered in the Saratoga area. Instead, he seized a couple of forts, cut the chain that had stopped the Royal Navy from sailing up the Hudson, and returned to the garrison. On October 7, another battle with the Americans forced Burgoyne to withdraw to Saratoga.
Gates pursued and surrounded the British, cutting off escape. Ten days later, the redcoats and their allies surrendered their arms, agreeing to return to England for the duration of the war. Gates had captured fifty-eight hundred prisoners, twenty-seven field pieces, and five thousand small arms, as well as ammunition and supplies.
It was the most significant American victory in the war to date. Saratoga provided the French with the confidence to sign treaties of alliance and trade with the Americans and join the war against the British.
The new allies agreed they would continue the war until the colonies were independent, and neither would make a separate peace with Britain.
That spring, the first French fleet sailed to North America, while French armies under the Comte de Rochambeau and volunteers such as the Marquis de Lafayette fought alongside the Continental Army.
The French alliance was of critical importance to the American war effort and brought critical financial support and essential war material to the fledgling American army.
With their corps of trained engineers, navy, and marines, the French made significant contributions to the cause. All the following were factors in securing French aid to the Americans during the Revolution except.
Which of the following was not a result of the French alliance during the American Revolution? Which of the following best describes the causal link between the America victory at Saratoga and French military aid to Americans?
The first is a treaty of amity and commerce, much on the plan of that projected in Congress; the other is a treaty of alliance, in which it is stipulated that in case England declares war against France, or occasions a war by attempts to hinder her commerce with us, we should then make common cause of it and join our forces and councils, etc.
What was the primary goal of the French in signing the treaty described in the except provided? Nini Medallion.
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